美国海上油气田租赁开发和环评体系研究

The US Offshore Oil and Gas Leasing Program and Its EIA System

美国海洋油气环评贯穿于外大陆架油气区域租赁销售和开发的各个阶段。文章从美国外大陆架租赁范围界定入手,介绍油气区域租赁开发所经历的5年规划、区域销售、勘探和开发生产各阶段所涉及的环评文件类型。着重分析美国海洋油气开发环评体系、工作程序和文件内容,最后提出对我国海洋油气开发环评的启示,即:海洋油气规划环评在先;公众参与的早期介入;全过程政府环评;环评审查不等于排污许可。

The environmental impact assessment （EIA） is the foundation for each phase of the offshore oil and gas programs on outer continental shelf （OCS） in the US.This paper started from ntroducing the jurisdiction of the OCS and then stepped through the four phases of the oil and gas programs and their associated environmental impact documents.The EIA system,work proce dure and content were analyzed in detail. Advices were given for the EIA of offshore oil and gas programs in China based on the findings of the same field in the US,i.e. ,Programmatic EIA is de veloped first;Public participation is involved at the very early stage; Government is responsible for the whole process of EIA preparation;EIA approval does not equal to issuing pollutant discharge permit.