中超联赛本土球员相对年龄效应及治理路径

Relative Age Effect of Home-grown Player in CSL and Governance Path

运用文献资料法、数理统计法,以日本、韩国、德国为参照,探讨中超联赛本土球员相对年龄特征及相对年龄效应的成因。结果显示:2017赛季中超联赛本土球员中,单数年出生的球员数多于双数年,差异具有显著性;而日本J1联赛、韩国K1联赛、德甲联赛相关数据的差异无显著性;中超联赛Q1(第1季度)时间段出生的球员数多于其他时间段,差异具有显著性。认为:中超联赛本土球员存在明显的相对年龄效应,主要由国家层面的奥运战略、省市层面的全运战略、俱乐部层面梯队建设的不完善等因素造成。从改革全运会、增加"二次选材"机会等层面提出治理路径。

Compared to Japan,Korea and Germany,the study discusses the relative age characteristics,relative age effect（ RAE）,and its genesis about the home-grown players of the CSL by means of literature reviewand mathematical statistics. Results showthat the number of players born in singular year is more than that in dual year with a significant difference; while there was no significant difference in J1,K1 and Bundesliga League.The number of players born in Q1（ the first quarter） is significantly more than that in other stages. With an obvious RAE for CSL home-grown players,the study believes it is caused by the national Olympic strategy,the National Games strategy at the provincial and municipal level as well as the imperfect construction of echelon at the club level. The governance path involves the reform of the national games,the increase of the second-selection chances of football talents,etc.