淮北濉萧矿区采煤塌陷区水污染特征及评价

Coal Mining Subsided Area Water Pollution Features and Assessment in Suixi-Xiaoxian Mining Area,Huaibei Coalfield

为掌握研究濉萧矿区采煤沉陷水域及河流水系的污染及动态变化特征,在研究区及周边3条河流设置水质观测点,对DO、NH_4-N、CODcr等21项指标进行监测,并按照季节不同采集年内不同时间段样品,选取单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、分级评价法及综合水质标识指数法4种评价方法进行评价。分析认为:综合水质标识指数法包含信息全面,评价结果可靠,适用于塌陷区水体污染特征识别和水质评价,并对水体功能区划与定位具有很强的指导作用。3个沉陷区水域综合水质标识指数(Ⅰ_(wq))均值为3.140,达到Ⅲ类水质标准,主要污染物为CODcr、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和汞(Hg)。5个河流监测断面Ⅰ_(wq)均值为5.352,达到Ⅴ类水质标准,水体污染较为严重。研究结果表明由于沉陷区水体水质较好,但环境容量较低,区内的河流因受城市工业和生活污染较严重。

To grasp coal mining subsided area water bodies and river system pollution situation and dynamic variation features in the Suixi-Xiaoxian mining area; water quality observation points in study area and periphery have been set on 3 rivers to monitor 21 indices including DO,NH4-N and CODcr etc. And according to the different seasons,acquired samples of different times in the year,through 4 methods including single factor assessment,comprehensive pollution index,grading assessment and comprehensive water quality identification index carried out assessment. The analysis has considered that the comprehensive water quality identification index method can comprise information comprehensively,assessed result reliable,applicable to subsided area water body pollution features identification and water quality assessment. Thus has very strong guiding role on water body function regionalization and positioning.Mean water system integrated water quality index（Ⅰ（wq）） is 3. 140,achieved water quality criteria category Ⅲ. Main pollutants have CODcr,total phosphorus（ TP）,total nitrogen（ TN） and mercury（ Hg）. Mean Ⅰ（wq）of five rivers monitoring sections is 5. 352,achieved water quality criteria category V,thus rather serious water body pollution. The studied results have shown that the subsided area water bodies have better water quality,but rather low environmental capacity,rivers in the area suffered pollutions from urban industrial and domestic sewage are rather serious.