生态学马克思主义的探索与中国生态文明理论研究

On the Exploration of Ecological Marxism and the Study of China's Ecological Civilization Theory

"深绿"和"浅绿"思潮立足于西方中心主义的价值立场,撇开社会制度和生产方式维度,单纯从生态价值观维度探讨生态危机的根源与解决途径,形成了单纯德治主义和技术主义的生态治理观。生态学马克思主义则以历史唯物主义为基础,注重揭示社会制度和生产方式下人类与自然物质能量交换关系,指认资本主义制度和生产方式是当代生态危机的根源,强调只有实现社会制度和生态价值观的双重变革,才能真正解决生态危机。中国的生态文明理论研究在生态学马克思主义理论探索的影响下,开始摆脱生态文明理论的西方霸权话语,实现了价值立场和研究范式的转化,最终形成了以环境正义为价值诉求,德法兼备的生态治理观,以"人类命运共同体"为理念的全球环境治理观,作为发展观和境界论内在统一的生态文明理论,即习近平生态文明理论。

Both the "dark-green" and the "light-green" trend of thought are based on the occidental-centered value standpoint, discussing the roots and solutions of ecological crisis only from the perspective of ecological values, while ignoring the dimensions of social system and mode of production. Therefore, they have respectively formed their ecological governance view of "rule by morality" and technologism. By contrast,ecological Marxism is based on historical materialism, lays emphasis on the revelation of the energy exchange relationship between human and nature influenced by social system and mode of production. It points out that the capitalist system and mode of production are the roots of the contemporary ecological crisis, and the only way to solve it is to realize the dual transformation of social system and ecological values. China's study of ecological civilization theory, deeply influenced by ecological Marxism, starts to get rid of the western hegemonic discourse of ecological civilization theory and realize the transformation of value standpoint and research paradigm. Thus, China's ecological civilization theory eventually forms one that views "environmental justice" as its value request, puts forward the ecological governance view of"integrated with morality and law", insists on the global ecological governance view of "a community with a shared future for mankind", and manifests the inner unification of development view and moral state theory, namely, President Xi's ecological civilization theory.