台湾地区社会企业发展之政策环境检视:一个跨部门治理的视角

The Re-examination of Policy Environments of Social Enterprise in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectoral Governance Perspective

本研究从跨部门治理之观点,采取深度访谈法充分检视台湾地区社会企业政策的脉络、现况与发展方向,进而描绘出社会企业政策环境的具体图像。研究发现,台湾地区社会企业领域具有网络密集的特性,各部门活跃者,对于相关政策的影响力比预期大。此外,各部门均依据其专业扮演影响政策之适当角色,跨部门合作频繁且功能分明。然而,政府过于强调意见的汇流过程,实际上私人部门或第三部门并没有完整地参与到社会企业政策制定的过程中,多为非正式或咨询的角色,因而导致产出政策没有达成共识。社会企业（以下简称社企）本身是一个多元融合体,在政策的研拟上容易遇到政策吊诡（policy paradox）的难题,因此应力求政策的形成,于跨部门间达到充分意见汇流的状态,方能营造稳健、具有足够行动正当性,而且是对社会企业发展有利之政策环境。

In recent years,social enterprises are in a stage of growth and are becoming more diversified in Taiwan. At the same time,the government is paying more attention to foster a policy-friendly environment for the development of social enterprises. Additionally,at least eight laws and regulations governing this industry will be amended in order to create its ＂ecosystem. ＂ Despite growing interest in social enterprises, policy study of this phenomenon remains limited and needs to be researched comprehensively and in depth. By intensively analyzing related polices of social enterprises in Taiwan from a Cross-Sectoral perspective,this study collected the qualitative data from in-depth interviews with key leaders and founders of several social enterprises. There are three main findings,first,we have obtained significant findings that the development of Taiwan＇s social enterprise policy is deeply affected by different sectors. Second,the roles of the sectors are distinct andthere is frequent cross-sectoral cooperation. Third, there is still a gap between the government sector＇s and other sectors＇ views of the social enterprise policy.