“统而撤离”:英国撤离印度、缅甸和马来亚的政策述评

“Unified Evacuation”: A Review on Britain's Policy of Evacuating India,Myanmar and Malaya

英国撤离印度、缅甸和马来亚时所实行的政策是"统而撤离",即将印度、缅甸和马来亚变为联邦制国家,在统一的基础上和平移交政权。这一政策未能在印度变为现实,但在马来亚和缅甸却获得成功。"统而撤离"政策在印度失败的主要原因是印度各方尤其是国大党和穆斯林联盟之间不能达成妥协;在缅甸和马来亚则因为英国政府努力促成各派势力之间的妥协与合作而取得成功。

When the United Kingdom evacuate from India, Myanmar and Malaya, the policy was ＂unified evacuation＂, Turning India, Myanmar and Malaya into Federalist countries, which is a peaceful transfer of power on a unified basis. This policy failed to turn into reality in India, but it was successful in Malaya and Myanmar. The main reason for the failure of the ＂Unified Evacuation＂ policy in India is that no compromise can be reached between the India parties, especially the Congress Party and the Muslim alliance, and the success of the British government in Myanmar and Malaya has contributed to the success of the compromise and cooperation between the various forces.