高碳基土壤修复肥对植烟土壤理化性质和烤烟质量的影响

Effects of high–carbon–based soil remediation fertilizer on physicochemical properties of tobacco–growing soil and tobacco quality

2017年,在贵州省贵阳清镇市新店镇,设置6个处理(CK1,常规施基肥,CK2,施3/4基肥,不施高碳基肥料,T1、T2、T3、T4均施常规基肥肥量3/4,分别施高碳基肥料1 650、1 500、1 350、1 200 kg/hm^2),探讨减少基肥用量、施用高碳基肥料对植烟土壤理化性质和烤烟品质的影响。结果表明:减少1/4基肥用量,施用高碳基肥料能使土壤物理特性得到明显改善,且改善效果随着高碳基肥料施用量的增加而呈现递增趋势,1 650kg/hm^2的施用量降低土壤容重0.09 g/cm3,提高土壤含水率25.86%;土壤有机质、速效钾和速效磷含量得到显著提高,其中1 650 kg/hm^2施用量的处理土壤有机质含量提升23.62%,1 350 kg/hm^2施用量的处理土壤速效钾和速效磷含量提升77.21%和73.76%;土壤酶活性和微生物量碳、量氮含量得到提高,其中1 350 kg/hm^2施用量的处理脲酶活性和微生物量碳分别提高了104.94%和30.3%;施用量1 350 kg/hm^2的处理,烟叶中总糖提高34.45%,还原糖提高33.7%,钾含量提高11.76%,中性致香物质含量增加53.45%。1 350 kg/hm^2高碳基肥料的施用量对植烟土壤改善、烤烟生长发育和烤后烟叶质量提高效果最佳。

To investigate the effect of applying high–carbon–based fertilizer instead of basal fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of tobacco–planting soil and on quality of flue–cured tobacco, in 2017, 6 treatments including CK1（conventional basal fertilizers）, CK2（conventional 3/4 basal fertilizers without high–carbon fertilizers）, T1, T2, T3, and T4（conventional 3/4 basal fertilizers plus 1 650 kg/hm^3, 1 500 kg/hm^3, 1 350 kg/hm^3, and 1 200 kg/hm^3 high–carbon– based fertilizers, respectively） were set up in Xindian town, Qingzhen city, Guiyang city, Guizhou province. The results showed that reducing the amount of 1/4 basal fertilizer and increasing the application of high–carbon fertilizer could significantly improve soil physical properties, and the improvement effect showed an increasing trend with the increase of the application amount of high–carbon–based fertilizer. As in treatment with 1 650 kg/hm^3 high–carbon–based fertilizers, the soil bulk density was reduced by 0.09 g/cm3 and the soil moisture content was increased by 25.86%. The contents of soil organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus were significantly increased： the soil organic matter content in treatment with 1 650 kg/hm^3 high–carbon–based fertilizers increased significantly, reaching 23.62%; while in treatment with 1 350 kg/hm^3 high–carbon–based fertilizers, the amount of soil available potassium and available phosphorus increased significantly, by up to 77.21% and 73.76%, respectively. Soil enzyme activity and contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were increased： in treatment with 1 350 kg/hm^3 high–carbon–based fertilizers, the urease activity and microbial biomass carbon content increased by 104.94% and 30.3%, respectively; the total sugar content, reducing sugar content, potassium content and contents of neutral aroma components in the tobacco leaf increased by 34.45%, 33.7%, 11.76% and 53.45%, respectively. The application of 1 350 kg/hm^3 high–carbon–based fertilizers had the best effect on improvement of tobacco planting soil, on growth and development of flue–cured tobacco, and on the quality of tobacco after curing.