摘要
1. Introduction Over the next few years, the manufacturing industry worldwide will face intense challenges, as finite supplies of raw materials dwindle and the cheap energy from fossil fuels becomes scarcer. Many conventional manufacturing processes will be outlawed on environmental grounds. For engineers and scientists, these inter- related problems also present an enormous opportunity. Robust new technologies are needed： They must be cost effective and energy efficient, and they must minimize pollution.
1.引言未来几年,随着有限的原材料供应不断减少,低价的化石燃料越来越少,全球制造业将面临严峻挑战。许多传统制造工艺将会因环境问题而被淘汰。对于工程师和科学家来说,这些相互关联的问题也提供了巨大的契机。我们需要强大的新技术:这些新技术必须具备较高的成本效益和能效,必须最大限度地减少污染。应对挑战的解决方案可能藏在另一个全球性问题中——工业废物(包括有毒废物)的快速积累。
