1Steinmetz J,Christensen KB,Lund T,et al.Longterm consequences of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Anesthesiology,2009,110:548-555.
2Monk TG,Weldon BC,Garvan CW,et al.Predictors of cognitive dysfunction after major noncardiac surgery.Anesthesiology,2008,108:18-30.
3Markowska AL,Olton DS,Givens B.Cholinergic manipulations in the medial septal area:age-related effects on working memory and hippocampal electrophysiology.J Neurosci,1995,15:2063-2073.
4Hong SW,Shim JK,Choi YS,et al.Prediction of cognitive dysfunction and patients' outcome following valvular heart surgery and the role of cerebral oximetry.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2008,33:560-565.
5Rasmussen L S, Johnson T, Kuipers H M,et al. Does anaesthesia cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction? A randomised study of regional versus general anaesthesia in 438 elderly patients[ J]. Ac- ta Anaesthesiol Scand ,2003,47 (3) :260- 266.
6Fried L P,Kronmal R A,Newman A B, et al. Risk factors for 5- year mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study [J]. JAMA,1998, 279(8) :585 -592.
7Morgan C J, Mofeez A, Brandner B, et al. Acute effects of ket- amine on memory systems and psychotic symptoms in healthy vol- unteers [ J]. Neuropsychopharmacology ,2004,29 ( 1 ) : 208 - 218.
8Slor CJ, de Jonghe JF, Vreeswijk R, et al. Anesthesia and postoperativedelirium in older adults undergoing hip surgery[ J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2011;59(7):1313-9.
9Ing C,Dimaggio C,Whitehouse A,et al. Long-term differences in lan-guage and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia[ J].Pediatrics,2012;130(3):e476-85.
10Boscolo A,Starr JA,Sanchez V,et al. The abolishment of anesthesia-in-duced cognitive impairment by timely protection of mitochondria in thedeveloping rat brain:the importance of free oxygen radicals and mitochon-drial integrity[ J]. Neurobiol Dis,2012;45(3):1031-141.
