甘肃省药用甘草主要病虫害种类调查

Investigation of Glycyrrhiza uralensi Disease and Insect in Gansu Province

2010—2016年,对甘肃省酒泉、张掖、武威、定西、兰州5个地区的甘草病虫害进行了田间系统调查和室内鉴定,以明确甘肃省药用甘草的病虫害发生情况。共发现害虫13种,其中成灾性害虫5种,包括甘草萤叶甲(Diorhabda tarsalis Weise)、大青叶蝉(Cicadella viridis)、甘草黑蚜(Aphis atrata Zhang)、甘草豆象(Bruchidius ptilinoides Faharaeus)和甘草胭珠蚧(Porphyrohora sophorae Arch)。常发病害8种,危害严重的有5种,分别是立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)、根腐病(Fusarium oxysporum)、锈病(Uromyces glycyrrhiza)、褐斑病(Cercospora glycyrrhizae)、叶斑病(Alternaria azukiae)。

Field survey of wild and cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensi were conducted in Jiuquan,Zhangye,Wuwei,Dingxi,Lanzhou during 2010 to 2016. The diseases and pests of Glycyrrhiza uralensi were confirmed in Gansu Province. Thirteen pests have been found and five of them can cause disasters： Diorhabda tarsalis Weise,Cicadella viridis,Aphis atrata Zhang,Bruchidius ptilinoides Faharaeus and Porphyrohora sophorae Arch. Eight diseases have been found and five of them can cause serious harm：damping off（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）,root rot（Fusarium oxysporum）,rust（Uromyces glycyrrhiza）,brown spot（Cercospora glycyrrhizae）,and leaf spot（Alternaria azukiae）. At the same time,it was found that the species of Glycyrrhiza uralensi diseases and insect were significantly different in the east of Lanzhou and in the Hexi region in Gansu Province. Therefore,the safe and efficient control methods need to be developed according to the main pests and diseases in different areas.