国外灾害行为研究:缘起、议题和发现

International Research on Disaster Behavior:Origin,Topics,and Findings

20世纪40年代末50年代初以来,国外灾害行为研究在结构功能主义灾害认识、致灾因子灾害认识和灾害社会生成认识下不断丰富、发展和深化,相关研究对于理解灾害社会影响、推动灾害研究发展和促进社会防灾减灾工作做出了重要贡献。文章在回顾灾害行为研究的缘起与发展基础上,主要梳理国外民众层面灾害研究行为研究的主要议题、研究内容和结论;指出面对我国灾害多、分布广、损失重的社会现实,研究灾害行为模式、特点及其社会心理机制之于我国而言同样具有广阔的背景基础和深远的理论与实际意义。

Since the late 1940 sand early 1950 s,studies on disaster behavior have become increasingly broader and deeper from different perspectives of structural functionalism,hazards,and social production of disaster.Relevant studies contribute a lot to understanding impacts of disaster to society,promoting disaster study development,and facilitating disaster risk reduction.This study reviews the development of international research on disaster behavior.Also,it synthesizes the main study topics including hazard adjustment,evacuation,deviant behavior,and self-and mutual rescue and volunteer behavior,as well as summarizes their main theses and findings.It aims to provide references for relevant researches in China.It is argued that theoretically and practically,conducting research on disaster behavior under Chinese social-cultural background is warranted and meaningful.