基于无人机航测的尾矿库三维空间数据获取与风险分析

Three-dimensional spatial data acquisition and risk analysis of tailings pond based on UAV aerial survey

尾矿库是具有高势能的人造泥石流危险源,如何运用科学、有效的手段监测是需要解决的关键问题。基于无人机航测技术获取尾矿库的高精度三维空间数据,研究尾矿库的可视化安全风险分析方法,实现对尾矿库的全寿命周期管控。以某尾矿库为例,通过研究无人机航测的工作流程和空三加密原理,获取了尾矿库的高精度、精细化数字地表模型、数字正射影像和三维点云数据,构建了尾矿库的三维空间数据。研究结果表明:采用尾矿库基础参数提取、堆排量变化计算、堆排三维建模预测、下游脆弱性地物提取等方法,可及时有效的掌握尾矿库的安全状况,对拓宽尾矿库监测技术具有借鉴意义。

The tailings pond is a dangerous source of artificial debris flow with high potential energy,and the key problem need to be solved is how to monitor the tailings pond by using the scientific and effective means. The three-dimensional spatial data of tailings pond with high precision were obtained based on the unmanned aerial vehicle（ UAV） aerial survey technology,and the visual safety risk analysis method of tailings pond was studied,so as to realize the management and control on the whole life cycle of tailings pond. Taking a tailings pond as an example,the digital surface model with high precision and refinement,the digital orthophoto and the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tailings pond were obtained based on the research on the working procedure of UAV aerial survey and the principles of three-dimensional triangulation,then the three-dimensional spatial data of the tailings pond were constructed. The safety status of tailings pond could be mastered timely and effectively by the ways of extraction of basic parameters,calculation of change of heap amount,three-dimensional modeling and prediction of heap,and extraction of downstream fragile ground objects for the tailings pond. It has the reference significance for expanding the monitoring technology of tailings pond.