冬油菜区试品种性状分析

Analysis on Characters of Winter Rape Varieties

[目的]分析冬油菜区试品种性状。[方法]对2013—2016年度参加国家冬油菜品种区域试验的长江上游、中游、下游、黄淮及早熟5个区组共539个油菜新品种的产量和产油量、产量构成因素、品质性状及抗病性进行了分析。[结果]2013—2016年度国家冬油菜新品种区域试验3年平均产量为2 718.6 kg/hm^2,比2012年(不含早熟组)增加93.4 kg/hm^2,增加了3.56%,3年平均产油量为1 169.1 kg/hm^2,比2012年(不含早熟组)增加58.2 kg/hm^2,增加了5.24%;产量构成因素中,单株有效角果数和角粒数不同区组之间差异较大、但不同年份之间差异不大,千粒重在不同年份和不同区组之间变化不大;品质性状中,芥酸和硫苷含量完全符合国家低芥酸和低硫苷标准,含油量不同年份间总体呈逐年增加趋势,2015—2016年度平均为43.49%,比2012年增加了1.41%;菌核病和病毒病的发病指数不同区组之间差异明显,长江下游组均最高,不同年份间也波动明显,表明环境条件对油菜抗逆性也有显著影响。[结论]该研究为当地油菜产业发展和育种工作提供参考。

[Objective] To analyze the characters of regional test varieties of winter rape. [Method] We analyzed the yield, oil production,yield components, quality traits and disease resistance of 539 new rape varieties in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle rea-ches, the lower reaches, the Huanghuai and the early maturing 5 regions, which participated in the regional trials of the National Winter RapeVarieties in 2013 - 2016. [ Result] The annual average yield of the National Winter Rape Variety Regional Test in 2013 - 2016 was2718.6 kg / hm2, which increased by 93.4 kg / hm2 than that in the early maturing group in 2012, with the increasing rate being 3.56%. Theaverage oil production was 1169.1 kg / hm2in 3 years, increased by 58.2 kg / hm2than that in the 2012 （ not containing the early maturinggroup） with the increasing rate being 5.24%. The yield components, the difference between the number of effective pod number and the num-ber of kernels per plant was large, and there was little difference between different years, and the 1 000-grain weight had little change betweendifferent years and different areas.The content of erucic acid and glucosinolates completely conform to the national low erucic acid and glucosi-nolates standard. The overall trend of oil content in different years is increasing year by year, and the average value was 43.49% in 2015-2016, which increased by 1.41% compared with 2012. The difference between the different regions of the disease index of Sclerotinia and virusdisease was obvious, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were the highest and the different years fluctuated obviously, indicating that theenvironmental conditions also had a significant influence on the resistance to rape. [Conclusion] This research provided references for the de-velopment and breeding of local rape industry.