文山白花油茶老龄低产树大砧高头嫁接技术研究

Study on the High Grafting Technique of Old Anvil and Low-yield Tree Angers of Wenshan Camellia oleosa

[目的]采用高接换优技术开展油茶老龄低产树大砧高头嫁接技术研究。[方法]以采集45年生油茶林内生长旺盛、无病虫害、结果多的优良单株为母株,采集1年生和当年生半木质化枝条为接穗,采用高接换优技术,对文山白花老龄油茶进行高头嫁接技术研究,探索白花油茶高头嫁接过程中的关键技术。[结果]接穗采集的质量与保鲜度、嫁接时间、保湿遮阴、砧木嫁接口处的粗度以及树体调控管护、加强土壤管理等综合技术有关。选择新鲜接穗在夏季(6月)嫁接并加以保湿遮阴,可有效提高嫁接成活率,成活率可达87%以上。油茶嫁接成活后,当年即能抽梢,能明显加快嫁接植株的生长发育进程,2~3年即可开花结果。[结论]利用大砧嫁接技术是一种经济有效的油茶良种改良方法,能在短期内取得丰产效果,并能把繁殖和遗传性状有机结合起来,是老茶林更新嫁接提质增效的有效方法,对促进文山州油茶产业健康发展具有重要意义。

[Objective] To study the high grafting technique of old anvil and low-yield tree angers of Wenshan Camellia oleosa by high-risk-re-placement technology. [Method]Selecting the excellent single plants with strong growth, no pests and diseases, and many results as the parentstrains in the 45-year-old oil-grown Camellia oleosa, 1-year-old and half-lignified branches in the current year were collected as scions, and high-risk-replacement technology was adopted to carry out the cultivation of Wenshan white-flowered mature Camellia oleosa. [Result] The quality ofthe scion collection was related to the comprehensive technology of freshness preservation, grafting time, moisturizing and shading, the size of thegrafting at the root grafting, the management and protection of the tree body, and the strengthening of soil management. The survival rate of graf-ted white oil aged tea could reach 87%. After the grafting of Camellia oleosa, it would be able to pull shoots, which could significantly acceleratethe growth and development of grafted plants, and could result in flowering in 2 to 3 years. [Conclusion] The use of large-stock grafting technolo-gy is a cost-effective method to improve the quality of Camellia oleifera. It can achieve high yield in a short period of time, and it can combine thereproductive and genetic traits organically. It is the new tea plantation that improves graft quality and efficiency. It is of great significance to pro-mote the healthy development of Camellia oleifera industry in Wenshan Prefecture.