冷藏运输用新型低温相变材料及装备的研制

Development of New Low-temperature Phase Change Material and Equipment Used in Refrigerated Transportation

本文将相变蓄冷技术应用于冷藏运输装备,以减少冷藏运输能耗及成本。利用凝固点降低原理,以丙三醇和氯化钠为原料,研制无毒低温相变材料。利用DSC测得其相变温度为-31.5℃,相变潜热为175.3 J/g。结果表明:该相变材料的密度为1.15 g/mL,导热系数为0.368 2 W/(m·K),经多次相变后化学性质稳定,属于基本无腐蚀范畴,可作为相变材料长期使用。在此基础上将其应用于蓄冷冷藏车,运行效果稳定。与机械冷藏车的经济性对比表明,虽然蓄冷冷藏车初投资较高,但制冷成本远低于机械冷藏车,静态回收期为0.57年且在废气排放、环保、节能及稳定性等方面优势明显。

In order to reduce the energy consumption and cost of refrigerated transportation,phase change cold storage technology is applied to refrigerated transportation equipment. Based on the principle of reducing the freezing point,organic materials（glycerol） and inorganic materials（sodium chloride） are used as raw materials to develop a low-temperature phase change material（PCM）. DSC（differential scanning calorimeter） is used to verify whether the phase transition temperature is-31. 5 ℃ and the latent heat of phase change is175. 3 J/g. The results of the performance tests show that the density of PCM is 1. 15 g/mL,the thermal conductivity is 0. 3682 W/（m·K）,and the chemical stability maintains after multiple phase transitions,which indicates that the PCM belongs to the basic noncorrosive,and can be used as a coolant for long-term use. According to these results,the proposed coolant can be used in cold storage cars with stable operation. The economic comparison with the mechanical refrigerated car shows that,although the initial investment of the cold storage refrigerated truck is higher,the refrigeration cost is far lower than the mechanical refrigerator car. Its static payback period is0. 57 years,and it has obvious advantages in exhaust emission,environmental protection,energy saving,and stability.