川藏公路(西藏境)地质灾害类型与分布规律研究

Types and Distribution of Geological Hazards in Sichuan Tibet Highway (Tibet Border)

川藏公路(西藏境)地质灾害具有类型多、分布广、活动频繁、突发性强、危害严重的特点。通过对地质灾害的现场调查和现有的资料统计分析,地质灾害点共1 583处,8种灾害类型,对公路交通产生危害最大最直接的主要是泥石流、滑坡、崩(坍)塌、水毁、溜砂5种灾害。根据川藏公路沿线不同的地质条件和不同气候水文环境分析,地质灾害具有密集性和广泛性,地域性、时域性和周期性,共生性、重复性和交替性三大独特区域特征。在此基础上,利用多因素叠加法对川藏公路泥石流、滑坡、崩塌、水毁和溜砂等5种重大地质灾害密集频发进行了评价分区,结果表明:全路段划分为高频发、中频发和低频发三个频发程度等级的分区,共23个区段,重大地质灾害密集频发区主要集中在东久至然乌的帕隆藏布沿江段、八宿西至怒江大桥的冷曲河沿溪段和宗拉山东至金沙江大桥的西曲沿溪段三大段。

The geological hazards of Sichuan Tibet highway（ Tibet border） are characterized by many types,wide distribution,frequent activities,sudden and strong hazards. Through the field investigation of geological disasters and the statistical analysis of the existing data,there are 1583 types of geological hazards and 8 types of disasters. The most direct and most direct damage to road traffic are debris flow,landslide,collapse,water destruction,and sand slipping. According to the analysis of different geological conditions and different climate and hydrology environment along the Sichuan and Tibet highway,the geological disasters have three unique regional characteristics,such as denseness and universality,regional,time domain and periodicity,symbiosis,repeatability and alternation. On this basis,the multi factor superposition method is used to evaluate 5 major geological disasters in Sichuan Tibet highway,such as debris flow,landslide,collapse,water destruction and sand slipping. The results show that the whole section is divided into three regions with high frequency,medium frequency and low frequency,with a total of 23 sections and major geological disasters. The densely frequent occurrence areas are mainly concentrated in the three sections of the park Zangbu along the East long to the black,the eight Zangxi to the cold Qu River along the Nu River bridge and the West Qu River section of the Zang La Shandong to the Jinsha River bridge.