新型浅槛结构对冰川泥石流沟道侵蚀的防治效果及应用

Control Effect of New Shallow Sill Structure on Gully Erosion of Glacial Debris Flow and its Application

针对冰川泥石流发生对公路危害大,防治困难,投入资金高等问题,而采用浅槛结构可以有效的减轻泥石流危害,因此提出一种新型浅槛结构并研究其对冰川泥石流沟道侵蚀的防治效果,通过现场水槽冲刷对比实验对设置不同浅槛间距和坡度下的实验现象和效果进行,并结合实际沟道侵蚀特征,对新型浅槛结构进行优化设计并给出了具体工程应用实施案例。试验结果表明:浅槛对泥石流的防治效果显著,且防治效果受浅槛间距影响较大,同时,在不同沟道坡度下最优的浅槛间距亦不同,实际浅槛间距以10~20 m为宜。另外,实验发现浅槛间距为25 cm时,坡度15°-20°的浅槛群改善沟道纵坡作用比较明显。通过现场模型实验结果和实际工程应用效果分析发现,新型浅槛群结构可有效减轻沟岸侧蚀和沟底侵蚀破坏,在实际泥石流防治工程中效果较好。

In view of the serious hazards of the glacier debris flow to the highway,the difficulty in preventing and controlling,and the high investment in funds,the shallow sill structure can effectively reduce the harm of the debris flow. Therefore,a new type of shallow sill structure is proposed and its effect on the erosion of the glacier debris flow channel is studied. The experimental phenomenon and effect under different shallow sill spacing and slope are carried out,and the new shallow sill structure is optimized and the practical application cases are given in combination with the characteristics of the actual channel erosion. The results show that the prevention and control effect of shallow sill on debris flow is remarkable,and the effect of prevention and control is greatly influenced by the spacing of sill. At the same time,the optimum spacing of shallow sill is different under different channel slopes,and the actual sill spacing is 10 ~ 20 m. In addition,it is found experimentally that the shallow sill with a slope of 15 degrees-20 degrees can improve the longitudinal slope of the channel when the sill spacing is 25 cm.The results of field model experiment and actual engineering application results show that the new sill group structure can effectively reduce the side erosion of the ditch bank and the erosion of the bottom of the ditch,and the effect is better in the actual debris flow prevention and control project.