粮食生产技术进步的福利效应分析

Welfare effect analysis of technical progress in grain production

粮食生产中的技术进步是提高粮食产量的主要动力之一,但技术进步带来的经济剩余在生产者和消费者之间分配是非均衡的。利用2001—2015年我国粮食相关数据,对粮食的供需价格弹性进行测算,结果发现我国粮食供需价格弹性总体波动较大,但平均弹性较小,供给和需求弹性分别为-0.102和-0.196。根据Akino和Hayami提出的技术变动福利效应模型,发现技术进步显著改善了粮食消费者的福利水平,平均每年改善1 062.67亿元,但对粮食生产者的福利状况改善不明显。最后提出了加大粮食支持力度、提高粮食供需价格弹性的对策建议。

Technological progress in grain production is one of the main driving forces to increase grain production,but the economic surplus brought by technological progress is unevenly distributed between producers and consumers. The price elasticity of grain supply and demand is measured by using the relevant data from 2001 to 2015 in China. It is found that the price elasticity of grain supply and demand in China fluctuates greatly on the whole,but the average elasticity is small. The elasticity of supply and demand is-0.102 and-0.196 respectively.According to the welfare effect model of technological change proposed by Akino and Hayami,it is found that technological progress has significantly improved the welfare level of grain consumers,with an average improvement of 1 06.267 billion yuan per year. However,the improvement of the welfare state of grain producers was not obvious.Finally,the suggestion was put forward to increase grain support and increase the price elasticity of grain supply and demand.