溶瘤免疫治疗的机遇与挑战

Oncolytic immunotherapies: Opportunities and challenges

癌症已经成为威胁患者健康第一大杀手。从传统治疗方法到21世纪初提出的靶向治疗,再到目前举世瞩目的免疫治疗,每一个惊喜过后是迎接新的挑战。有效的抗肿瘤免疫需要遵循"一个打破,一个维持"的原则,即打破肿瘤的免疫耐受和维持机体的免疫平衡。溶瘤病毒是一类具有自我复制能力,并选择性地在肿瘤细胞中复制,从而导致肿瘤细胞裂解和死亡的病毒。文章将从溶瘤病毒特点切入,对其进行免疫治疗的机制及相关研究成果进行介绍,以期为溶瘤免疫治疗的相关研究提供参考。

Cancer is the first cause of death in China. From traditional treatment to targeted therapy and again to immunotherapy,each step forward has brought us a new hope and some challenges as well. Effective antitumor immunotherapy relies on two aspects,breakdown of immunotolerance and maintenance of system immune homeostasis. Oncolytic viruses（OVs） are capable of selective replication in malignant cells and induction of their lysis and death. With a characterization of OVs,this review introduces the mechanisms of oncolytic immunotherapy and the results of related studies.