重思他者:动物问题与德里达对列维纳斯伦理学的解构

Rethinking the other:the Issue of Animal and Derrida's Deconstruction of Levinas's Ethics

德里达批判性地将列维纳斯的伦理学运用到了动物伦理领域,他认为动物可以成为列维纳斯伦理学中的他者,而且它们比他人更加他异,是他者的他者。动物可以让我们更激进地重思主体性。哪怕是列维纳斯的"我在此"这样强调受拣选性和被动性的主体性,在德里达看来也还不够激进,并且太过人类中心主义。他通过列维纳斯"您先请"的伦理原则,进一步把这一主体性推进到了更为被动的"我跟随"。"我跟随,故我是",而我所跟随的不只可能是人,也可能是动物。通过将列维纳斯的好客理论批判性运用到对于动物问题的解读中,德里达进一步拓展了其"质疑主权"的主体性思考。

Derrida critically applied Levinas＇ s ethics to the field of animal ethics. He believed that the animal can become the other in Levinasian ethics,and that it was more different than the human-other and thus was the other of the other. The animal allowed us to think more radically about subjectivity. Even if Levinas＇ s principle of subjectivity： ＂here I am＂emphasizes the passivity of subjectivity,it is still not radical enough for Derrida,because it is still too anthropocentristic. Derrida further promoted this principle of subjectivity to＂I follow＂through the ethical principles of Levinas： ＂after you＂.＂I follow therefore I am,＂and what I follow could be not only be a person but also an animal. By critically applying Levinas＇ s theory of hospitality to the interpretation of animal issues,Derrida further developed his thinking about subjectivity,and keep＂questioning for sovereignty. ＂