有关职业禁止制度的研究

Research on the Prohibition System of Occupation

在我国近年来的司法实践中,许多的犯罪活动,尤其是与经济类犯罪相关的犯罪活动,呈现出一个明显的特点,那就是利用职业便利实施犯罪,例如公司管理人员利用职业便利侵吞、窃取、骗取公司财产。因此,《刑法修正案(9)》中新增了有关职业禁止制度的相关规定,规定行为人实施犯罪是利用职业便利或违反职业特定义务时,人民法院可以根据案情决定是否判处职业禁止,职业禁止的适用是从刑罚执行完毕或假释之日起开始禁止其从事相关职业,禁止期限为3至5年。毫无疑问,职业禁止制度在预防职业犯罪、实现刑法特殊预防功能、稳定社会秩序方面有着巨大的意义,但在职业禁止的法律性质界定、法律适用等方面还存在争议,仍需讨论。

In the judicial practice of our country in recent years, many criminal activities, especially the crimes related to economic crimes, have shown an obvious characteristic, that is, the use of professional convenience to commit crimes, such as the use of professional convenience, theft, and fraud of corporate property by corporate managers. Therefore, in the amendment of criminal law （9）, the relevant provisions concerning the system of occupation prohibition are added, which stipulates that when the perpetrator implements a crime is to make use of the professional convenience or to violate the specific duty of the profession, the people＇s court may decide whether to impose a career ban on the case, and the appropriate use of the occupational prohibition is from the day of execution of the penalty or the day of parole. It has been banned from engaging in related occupations for a period of three to five years. There is no doubt that the system of occupational prohibition has great significance in preventing professional crime, realizing the special preventive function of criminal law and stabilizing the social order, but there are still disputes in the definition of the legal nature of the occupational prohibition and the application of the law, and still need to be discussed.