韩国反腐清廉制度及其效果分析

The Anti-Corruption System in South Korea and An Analysis of Its Efficacy

韩国从1993年开始开启了文人执政的新时代,推进了惩治与预防并行的制度反腐进程,为改善政治生态环境提供了基础。通过长时期的努力,韩国的廉政指数持续提升,但在引进的民主制与韩国政治风土、文化土壤相结合形成韩国特色民主制的过程中,没能解决好威权主义、官商勾结、政资控媒、高层权力私有化等腐败问题,韩国的清廉指数低于OECD国家的平均水平,对韩国经济政策的实施效果和社会和谐带来负面影响,萎缩企业活动,降低国家竞争力。制度缺陷、制度协同性不足以及执法不严等是主要原因。

From 1993 onwards,South Korea has started a new age of cultured governance,where anti-corruption measures have been institutionalised,with a system attending to both discipline and prevention.It thus has provided a basis for an improved political landscape.Through long-term efforts,South Korea has fared increasingly better in terms of the clean government index.Nevertheless,in the formulation of a sui generis democracy with Korean characteristics by introducing democracy to the political mores,manners and cultures of South Korea,it has not solved well enough such corruption-related issues as authoritarianism,bureaucratic clientelism,media control by government,and a privatisation of power at the high echelon.The clean government index score for South Korea is even lower than the average level of OECD member states.This has had a negative impact on the implementation of economic policies and social harmony in South Korea.It has reduced the vitality of enterprises and national competitiveness.The main reasons lie in institutional defects,insufficient consistency across institutions,and the lack of rigour in the implementation of laws and regulations.