俞吉浚的国民观与国民启蒙教育思想

Yoo Kil-jon＇s Conception of Citizenship and Ideas on National Enlightenment Education

俞吉浚是韩国近代史上重要的开化派代表人物之一。为了实现富国强兵、国家独立的根本目标,俞吉浚将改造国民性、普及国民启蒙教育视为国家的根本大计。他主张普及小学义务教育,对国民进行道德、才艺和工业教育,以此培养独立自由、奋发进取、遵守国家法律和传统人伦道德、忠君爱国的新国民。俞吉浚是一位教育至上主义者,早年曾参与创办新式报纸《汉城旬报》,在甲午改革期间主导了一系列社会变革,晚年坚持在野开展＂兴士团＂活动,致力于普及小学教育和实业教育。俞吉浚的国民观和启蒙教育思想中包含多元的思想元素,其中既有＂四端五伦＂的儒家伦理思想,又有＂正德利用厚生＂的实学思想,也有天赋人权、法治主义、君主立宪、社会进化论等西学思想。他的思想一定程度上超越了东学为体、西学为用的＂东道西器论＂,但同时,他坚持依靠明君贤臣进行自上而下的渐进式改良,反对法国大革命式的激进改革,属于温和的改革派。

Yoo Kil-jon was a leading figure of enlightenment scholars in the modern history of South Korea.In order to achieve the primary goals of building a prosperous country with a powerful army and gaining national independence,he regarded the cultivation of modern citizenship and the spread of enlightenment education nationwide as the two pillars to uphold his nation-building plans.He argued for a universal elementary education and offering to the public education in morals,arts,skills and industry,so as to nurture modern citizens who are independent,liberal,industrious,law-abiding,morally exemplary,and loyally patriotic.Yoo Kil-jon suggested that education occupy a supreme place,where in his earlier years,he participated in the founding of a modern newspaper Seoul Quarterly News.During the Jiawu Reform Period,he led a series of social reforms.In his late years,as a member of one opposition party,he took an active part in the Xingshituan Movement,devoting himself to the cause of spreading elementary and industrial education.In his conception of citizenship and ideas on enlightenment education are encapsulated multiple,diverse elements,of which there exist Confucian moral ideals（e.g.four ends and five human relations）,alongside with realist thoughts（e.g.proper virtue and welfare improvement）and Western ideas（e.g.men＇s natural rights,the rule of law,constitutional monarchy,and social evolution）.To a certain extent,his thoughts have transcended the thesis on ＂the East as the dao,the West as the instrument＂ that regards Eastern thoughts as the essence and Western ones as the utility.By way of comparison,he advocated a meritocratic,top-down,and gradual reform,instead of a radical reform like the French Revolution.In general,he was a moderate reformist.