韩国服务贸易的国际竞争力及其影响因素的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis on International Competitiveness of Services Trade in South Korea and Its Influencing Factors

本文基于四维框架——显示性比较优势指数、出口比较绩效指数、贸易重叠指数和出口相似指数衡量了韩国服务贸易的国际竞争力,以探讨韩国服务贸易的现实特点及结构性变化,发现以运输业和建筑业为代表的韩国传统服务业具有较强的国际竞争力,而金融、保险和电信业等现代服务业的国际竞争力较弱。深入研究发现,韩国国内的产业状况、政府管制、技术投入、服务业开放程度和文化认同度既是影响服务贸易国际竞争力的有效因素,也是提升服务贸易国际竞争力的关键路径。

This article resorts to a four-dimensional framework（i.e.the revealed comparative advantage index,the export comparison performance index,the trade overlap index,and the export similarity index）,to measure the international competitiveness of South Korea＇s trade in services,for purpose of examining the real characteristics and structural changes of South Korea＇s trade in services.The outcome indicates that some traditional service sectors in South Korea（e.g.transportation and construction）have greater international competitiveness,while certain modern service areas（e.g.finance,insurance,and telecom）are weaker.Our further study has revealed that a series of factors（e.g.the domestic industrial circumstance,government laws and regulations,technology investment,the openness of the service industry,and the degree of cultural identification）will not only positively influence the international competitiveness of a country＇s trade in services;they are also the key pathways to improve such competitiveness.