批判性思维在工程教育中的价值及其运用

The Value and Implementation of Critical Thinking in Engineering Education

批判性思维是人们综合运用形式逻辑和非形式逻辑及其它相关技能对观点、判断、命题、论证及方案等一阶思维进行二阶评估的复合型思维工具。当前工程专业人才培养过程中凸显的问题意识淡薄、专业兴趣不浓、创新能力缺乏及实践能力不强等问题,都与批判性思维在工程教育中的缺失有关。批判性思维有助于工程教育重塑教学目标,回归教育本质;有助于改革工程教育内容,实现思维工具与专业知识间的深层结构性融合,建立发展性的、整体性的知识观;有助于促进工程教育"供给侧"改革,推动"卓越工程师教育培养计划",促进工程人才培养模式与国际接轨。从工程教育的教学目标、教学方法、课程设置及教学评价等多个环节入手,实现批判性思维工具与工程专业人才培养的有效结合,增强学生的信息通晓与分辨、问题提出与剖析、风险识别与处理、方案论证与完善等核心能力,从而提升工程教育质量。

Critical thinking is a kind of compound thinking tool,where formal logic,informal logic and other related skills are applied to the second-order evaluation of first-order thinking such as viewpoints,judgments,arguments,projects,and the like.The lack of question consciousness and professional interesting,the weakness of ability of innovation and practice,or some other problems like those in engineering personnel training at present,are all related with absence of critical thinking in engineering education.With the help of critical thinking,the goal of engineering education will be remolded,returning to its essence;the content of engineering education will be reformed,merging the thinking tool and professional knowledge together,and building the developing and holistic view of knowledge;the supply-side reform of engineering education and the program for educating and training excellent engineers will be pushed forward,brought in line with international standards.For the sake of improving the quality of engineering education,the tool of critical thinking should be integrated effectively with professional engineering personnel training,to enhance students' ability of knowing and distinguishing information,raising and analyzing questions,recognizing and handling risk,and demonstrating and improving projects.