社会政策中的“生活”视角——基于日本经验的分析

“Life”Perspective in Social Policy: Analysis Based on Japanese Experience

经济快速增长的结果,可改变国民的生活结构和生活意识,提高国民素质以及价值判断能力。进入经济转型时期,国民的生活意识将逐渐从追求物质价值向精神价值方面倾斜,抵制资本和消费对生活侵害的诉求也会不断增加。社会政策如何根据国民对＂生活＂追求目标的转变,调整其政策目标,获取最佳的政策绩效,是亟待探讨的新课题。日本在经济发展模式转型期,几经探索,后来将社会政策的目标从传统的＂劳动保护＂向＂生活保护＂拓展,把劳动问题与生活问题作为一个有机体,重构社会政策的新目标和新理念,解决了社会政策该如何应对经济转型带来的社会和生活结构转型的问题。解析日本社会政策改革的路径以及由此带来的政策绩效,或可为处在经济转型阶段的我国社会政策创新提供借鉴。

Rapid economic growth can lead to a change of national life structure and life consciousness and a promotion of the quality of the people and the value evaluation ability.With economic transition,the national life consciousness will gradually shift from the pursuit of material value to that of the spiritual value,and therefore there will be an increase of resisting the impact of capital and consumption on life. How to adjust policy objective and obtain the best policy performance outcome according to the change of the goal of life is a new topic needed exploring. In the transition period of economic development model,after several explorations,Japan adjusts social policy objectives from traditional"labor protection"to"life protection"which integrates labor and life problems as a whole,reconstructs new goals and new concepts of social policy,and address how social policy should deal with the social and life transformation problems emerging in the economic transition era. An analysis of the path of social policy reform and its results in Japan could shed light on how China make social policy innovation in the stage of economic transformation.