晚清海关总税务司赫德的条约观

Robert Hart's View on Sino-foreign Treaties in the Late Qing Dynasty

鸦片战争后,条约成为列强攫取在华特权的法律工具。大清帝国海关总税务司赫德作为清政府的官员和英国殖民政策的执行者,其条约观对晚清中国条约体制乃至整个中国社会都有着深远的影响。根据赫德发表的文章及其呈递的节略,通过对当时中英两国对外政策分析,从其海关总税务司特殊身份的角度,探讨其对晚清中外所缔结的条约的认识和主张,揭示其条约观的本质。赫德的条约观是英国对外殖民政策的反映。

After the Opium War,treaties became the legal means by which the foreign powers seized privileges in China.Robert Hart,Inspector General of Chinese Customs,was an official of China,and the executor of British colonialism as well,whose view on Sino-foreign treaties deeply influenced the treaty system and even the whole society of China in late Qing dynasty.His articles and what he wrote to the Chinese government implied his view on Sino-foreign treaties,which was virtually a reflection of British colonialism.