公共政策设计的优化:嵌入渐进主义决策模型——以上海市社区事务受理服务中心为例

Optimization of Public Policy Design Based on Progressive Decision Model:A Case Study of Shanghai Community Affairs Service Center

公共政策的设计是一个渐进的、不断修正的过程,按照林德布洛姆提出的＂渐进决策＂模式的观点,任何公共政策都需要一个＂渐进调试＂的过程,尤其是影响面较大的公共政策,在价值与手段之间要不断磨合,寻求稳中求变的原则,才能探索出一套优化的公共政策。另外,公共政策设计也要转变原来的传统观念,要从原来的单向的程序性政策设计转向结果导向,充分考虑政策客体的需求,对原有政策进行不断的修正和完善。政策设计主要是研究公共政策所能解决实际问题的内容,政策修订是为了谋求政策质量的改善。本文以上海市社区事务受理服务中心政策调整为例,通过案例分析法,将＂渐进决策＂理论模型用于分析公共政策设计的优化演绎过程和带来的政策制定主体与客体之间关系调和,实现公共政策执行的过程优化。

Public policy design is a progressive process that needs constant amendment. According to the progressive decision-making theory of Lindblom,all public policies need to be progressively debugged. Powerful public policies,in particular,should strike a balance between value and means and seek changes while safeguarding stability,thereby exploring a set of optimized public policies. In addition,public policy design should transform the traditional ideas,evolve from one-way procedural policy design into result-oriented design,fully consider the needs of policy objects and constantly amend and improve existing policies. Policy design mainly researches practical problems that can be solved by public policies while policy amendment aims to improve policy quality. This paper selects policy adjustment of Shanghai Community Affairs Service Center as a case study and introduces the progressive decision-making theory to analyze optimization of public policy design,coordination between policy subjects and objects and process optimization of public policy implementation.