我国高等教育重点建设政策演变机制研究——基于制度变迁理论的分析

The Evolutionary Mechanism for Key Construction Policies of Chinese Higher Education:An Analysis Based on Institutional Change Theory

高等教育重点建设政策指从政府层面出台的通过集中资源、重点建设的形式调整教育资源与利益分配格局、追求卓越发展的系列政策。基于制度变迁理论的分析可见:我国高等教育重点建设政策演变属于教育制度变迁过程;推动政策变迁的主体是由政府、高校和专家学者共同构成的利益群体;变迁动力是国家利益最大化;政策变迁模式是以强制性变迁为主但融合了诱致性因素;政策演变遵循渐进性变迁,具有显著的路径依赖特征。未来深化高等教育重点建设政策变革,需建立改革决策的民主参与机制,提高政策运行的透明度;转换政府职能定位,重视大学发展的学术本位逻辑;出台配套制度与政策,构建高等教育重点建设制度体系;加强对改革本身的研究和反思,促进高等教育重点建设相关决策的理性化。

The key construction policy of higher education is a series of policies aimed at adjusting the distribution of resources and benefits and pursuing the excellence of higher education in the form of centralized resources and key construction. Based on an analysis of key construction policies from the perspective of institutional change theory, the paper draws the following conclusions： the evolution of key construction policies is essentially a process of educational system change; the main body of policy change is the interest groups constituted by the government, universities and scholars with the guidance of the government; the driving force for policy change is the maximization of national interests; the mode of policy change is mainly mandatory evolution from top to bottom; the basic path to policy evolution is gradual change with significant characteristics of path dependence. In order to deepen the reform of key construction policies, it is necessary to establish a democratic participation mechanism for reform and decision-making and enhance the transparency of policy operation, to transform the government＇s functional orientation and attach importance to the academic logic of university development, to design supporting institutions and policies and establish a system of institutions concerning the key construction of higher education, and to intensify research and reflections on the reform itself and promote the rationalization of key construction policies.