城市化进程中的农村留守儿童问题研究

Research on the problem of left behind children in the Process of Rural Labor Migration

在我国农村劳动力向城市快速流动过程中,形成了一个人数庞大、分布广泛的新的弱势群体——留守儿童,他们亲情缺"爱"、生活缺"助"、心理缺"疏"、学习缺"导"、安全缺"护"。在农村劳动力向城市的快速流动过程中,必须认真研究解决好农村留守儿童问题:一是通过深化户籍制度改革、加快乡村振兴的步伐以积极推进城乡经济一体化建设;二是通过提高父母的家庭教育意识、增加父母与留守儿童的良性互动、充实农村师资力量、提高留守儿童的自我保护意识、加强对留守儿童的心理辅导等措施切实加强对留守儿童的教育;三是增加有关留守儿童的法律条文,明确执法和责任主体,增加有关儿童福利的条款或出台《未成年人福利法》等,完善未成年人保护立法;四是设立留守儿童基金并实施有效监督,建立关爱留守儿童的爱心服务站等,建立健全政府对留守儿童的救助机制。

In the process of the rapid flow of rural labor to the city,a large and widespread new disadvantaged group has been formed the left behind children.They need ＂love＂ and ＂ help＂,need ＂care＂psychologically,need ＂guide＂ in learning and need ＂protection＂ in their life.In the rapid flow of rural labor to the city,we must seriously study the problem of rural left behind children：the first is by deepening the reform of the household registration system and accelerating the pace of Rural Revitalization to accelerate the economic integration of urban and rural areas;the second is to improve parents＇ family education awareness and increase parents and left behind children,to increase the number of rural teachers so as improve the self-protection consciousness of the left behind children,strengthen the psychological guidance to the left behind children and so on to strengthen the education of the left behind children;the third is to increase the legal provisions of the left behind children,clear the law enforcement and responsibility subject,increase the terms of children welfare or the introduction of ＂ minors＂ the welfare law,etc.,improve the legislation for the protection of minors;and the fourth is to set up a left behind Children Fund and implement effective supervision,to establish a caring service station to care for the left behind children,and to establish and improve the government＇s rescue mechanism for the left behind children.