突发旅游公共卫生事故合作治理的网络特征研究--以10·8海螺沟食物中毒为例

Study on the Network Characteristics of Cooperative Governance of Sudden Tourism Public Health Accidents——Take 10.8 Hailuogou Food Poisoning as an Example

突发旅游公共卫生事件频发,由于事件的随机性和游客的广泛性导致其救援的不确定性和复杂度加大,因此组织合作成为应急救援的重要方式。应用社会网络分析方法,研究突发旅游公共卫生事故治理过程中的合作网络结构、救援主体角色演变和合作治理的网络特征,研究主要发现:(1)应急响应与紧急救援过程中共有19个主体合作参与,其中,事故酒店和海螺沟景区管理局的相对中心度较大;并且旅行社、海螺沟医院、海螺沟卫生部门在此阶段也扮演着较重要的地位;(2)善后处置阶段共有15个主体参与,事故酒店与患者家属成为此阶段的核心主体,媒体扮演的作用进一步上升;(3)合作网络中的"小团体"之间联系较少,核心团体内部联系较密切;(4)在应急响应、紧急救援和善后处理阶段,各个主体在同一阶段所扮演的角色多元化,在不同阶段所扮演的角色也是变化的。基于上述结论,研究认为在突发旅游公共卫生事故应急处置过程中,政府需要建立协同治理体制、加强信息公开机制;旅游企业应构建紧急救援机制,社区居民应积极参与公共治理,共同完善善后处理机制和构建有序的紧急救援机制。

The frequent public health incidents leads to many problems because of the randomness of eccidents and the extensiveness of tourists,so the organization cooperation has become an important method for emergency rescue. In this paper the social network analysis method is used to study the network structure of the cooperative network,the role evolution of the rescue agent and the cooperative governance in the process of public health emergencies. The main findings are as follows：（ 1） In the emergency response and rescue process,there are 19 main participants in which the accident hotel and the Hailuogou Scenic Area Administration play an important role and then the travel agency,Hailuogou Hospital,and the Hailuogou Health Department in this stage;（ 2） There are 15 main participants involved in the aftermath disposal stage.The accident Hotel and family members of patients became the core of this stage,and the role of the media is further rising;（ 3） There are few connections between the＂small groups＂in the cooperative network,but more links in the core groups;（ 4） In the phrase of emergency response,emergency rescue and aftertreatment,the roles of each agent in the same stage are diversified,and the roles played at different stages are also changed. Based on the above conclusions,it is believed that in the process of emergency public health emergency response,the government needs to establish a coordinated governance system and strengthen the information disclosure mechanism; tourism enterprises should build an emergency rescue mechanism,and community residents should actively participate in public governance,jointly improve the after-treatment mechanism and build an orderly emergency rescue mechanism.