明代北方军事防御体系建设探究——以右玉要塞杀虎口为例

Research on the Construction of Military Defense System in Northern China in Ming Dynasty——Take the Fortress Shahukou as an Example

杀虎口是内蒙古和山西二省三县的交界地,自古以来战略地位都举足轻重。明朝的时候为了固守边防安全,防御外敌南侵,杀虎口成了当时明朝与蒙古土默特部军事对峙的最前沿。明代统治者在杀虎口原有的防御构建基础上,进行了系统性、整体性的加强,主要包括杀虎口的外围线性防御与内部屯堡防御两方面。外围线性防御主要是在周边军事要塞和杀虎口外围长城进行了布防;内部主要从屯堡中的军需屯田、屯兵指挥、烽火及驿传交通各个系统进行配置和完善。这些措施保障了当时北部边疆的稳定和安全。

Shahukou is the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi provinces and three counties,and has played an important strategic role since ancient times. In Ming Dynasty,in order to defend border security and defend the invasion of foreign enemies from the south,Shahukou became the frontier of the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia Tumatee at that time. On the basis of its original defense construction,the rulers of the Ming Dynasty strengthened the defense systematically and integrally,mainly including the exterior linear defense and the internal and external defense. The exterior linear defense is mainly deployed in the surrounding military fortress and the outer Great Wall,and the interior is mainly configured and perfected from the military supply and field,military command,beacon fire and relay transportation system,which guaranteed the stability and security of the northern frontier at that time.