“文化飞地”:中餐馆与德国华人题材影像的空间叙事

A Cultural Enclave: Chinese Restaurants and the Space Narrative in the German Films about Chinese Immigrants

中餐馆在德国华人题材影片中占据重要份量,是影片表现华人与中国文化他性的重要手段,因而中餐馆影像是观察德国社会关于中国和华人的集体社会想象的窗口。基于近30年来中餐馆影像的分析显示,相关影片叙事可以归为华人犯罪、中餐馆华人业主死亡案件侦破、中国人吃狗肉等几类模式。德国影片集中使用大量中国符号,将中餐馆建构成德国土地上的"中国文化飞地",其中尤显突出的是中国传统文化元素的使用。中餐馆从业人员作为离散华人社群的分支在影片中主要呈现自我封闭、胆小怯懦的贬抑性形象。历时对比显示,离散华人影像既稳定又有一定的发展变化。

Chinese restaurants, an important element in German films featuring Chinese people, are an important tool to represent Chinese and the otherness of Chinese culture. As a result, the film representations of the Chinese restaurants are a window onto how China and Chinese as a collective society are imagined in German society. Based on an analysis of the film images of the Chinese restaurants over the last 30-odd years, there are a number of film narratives about Chinese-committed crimes,the breaking of cases surrounding the death of owners of Chinese restaurants and the dog-eating Chinese. Large numbers of Chinese symbols, particularly traditional Chinese elements, are massively used in German films where Chinese restaurants are constructed as a＂Chinese enclave＂on German soil. Staff working in these restaurants, as a branch of the Chinese diasporic community, are negatively represented as self-enclosed and scared. A diachronic comparison shows that the images of the diasporic Chinese remain stable despite their developmental changes.