广西6个民族24个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性及群体遗传结构分析

Genetic Polymorphism and Structure of 24 Y-STR Loci among Six Ethnic Populations in Guangxi Area

目的本文对广西地区6个民族(侗族、瑶族、京族、汉族、苗族、壮族)的439个无关个体进行24个Y染色体STR基因座遗传多态性调查并研究其在法医学及遗传学上的可应用性。方法采用公安部物证鉴定中心研发的DNATyper Y26试剂盒对24个Y-STR基因座进行扩增,3130 x L遗传分析仪进行基因分型,统计24个Y-STR基因座的等位基因频率及基因多样性等遗传学参数。利用PHYLIP 3.65构建系统进化树,对Y-STR单倍型用Network 5.0进行网络图分析,分析群体间单倍型分布频率及相互联系,对群体间的遗传距离进行综合评价。结果侗族、瑶族、京族、汉族、苗族、壮族6个民族439个无关个体观察到363种单倍型,其单倍型多样性分别为0.9976、0.9339、0.9942、0.9976、0.9832、0.9863;基因多样性(GD)值分别为0.109~0.958、0.054~0.698、0.267~0.930、0.311~0.909、0.153~0.909、0.114~0.824。通过Rst遗传距离矩阵分析,在这6个民族中,壮族和京族遗传距离最小(0.0381),汉族和苗族遗传距离最大(0.349)。结论这24个Y-STR基因座在广西地区具有良好的多态性分布,本文所得数据可以为该地区的群体遗传学和法医学应用提供基础数据支持。

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat（Y-STR） loci in 439 unrelated individuals from the six ethnic populations of Dong, Yao, Jing, Han, Miao and Zhuang in Guangxi area. Methods 24 Y-STR loci were co-amplified with DNATyper Y26 kit, and the PCR products were analyzed by 3130 XL genetic analyzer. To comprehensively evaluate the genetic distance between populations, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by PHYLIP 3.65 and the network of Y-STR haplotypes was analyzed by Network 5.0. Results There are 363 different haplotypes in the 439 unrelated individuals of the investigated six ethnic groups, and the haplotype diversities of Dong, Yao, Jing, Han, Miao and Zhuang were determined as 0.9976, 0.9339, 0.9942, 0.9976, 0.9832 and 0.9863, respectively. The genetic diversity（GD） of 24 Y-STR loci in Dong, Yao, Jing, Han, Miao and Zhuang were 0.109 to 0.958, 0.054 to 0.698, 0.267 to 0.930, 0.311 to 0.909, 0.153 to 0.909 and 0.114 to 0.824, individually. Among the six populations, the genetic distance（Rst） between the Zhuang and Jing ethnic groups was the smallest（0.0381） while the one between the Han and Miao was the largest（0.349）. Conclusions The 24 Y-STR loci in the six ethnic populations in Guangxi revealed a highly polymorphic genetic distribution and the data can provide basic support for forensic practice in the region.