卢梭《社会契约论》中的自由观及其启示

Rousseau's Concept of Freedom in Social Contract Theory and Its Enlightenment

不论在十八世纪还是当今时代,卢梭的思想都饱受争议,尤其是他在试图调和个体自由与秩序的过程中发生的矛盾,也是其思想局限性所在。尽管如此,卢梭仍然批判吸收了近代思想家霍布斯和洛克的自由思想,并认为通过订立契约而找到某种形式的政府和立法者便能够指引人民获得社会自由(政治自由),最终实现道德自由。卢梭的思想被马克思主义者所借鉴,并为当代中国民主政治建设提供了重要的理论支持。

Whether in the eighteenth century or in the present era,Rousseau＇s thought was full of contradictions,which were caused in his attempt to reconcile individual freedom and order,and also became the limitation of his ideology. However,Rousseau still criticized and absorbed the freedom thought of modern thinkers Hobbes and Locke. He believed that finding a certain form of government and legislator by contracting could guide the people to obtain social freedom（ political freedom） and ultimately realize moral freedom. Rousseau＇s ideas are borrowed by Marxists and provide important theoretical support for the construction of contemporary China＇s democratic politics