极坐标数字摄影测量理论与空间信息坐标体系初探

A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Polar Coordinates Digital Photogrammetry and the Coordinate System of Spatial Information

空间信息获取手段的多样性与数据处理的严密数学法则约束不变性,是航空航天新技术发展伴生的新矛盾。例如推扫式、变角摆头凝视、变焦距成像,航空平台动姿态、大角度飞行,高重叠、短基线效应,给处理收敛性、效率、精度、抗干扰性等带来挑战。为此基于仿生机器视差角原理和航空航天平台到地面成像的锥体投影本质,引入极坐标数学表达。文章探求了高分辨率影像稀疏性特征及病态奇异性和非收敛性破解方法,建立了一套视差角矢量极坐标处理数学模型,初步形成了极坐标理论;该方法在近景摄影测量与自由网光束法平差模型中,精度、效率、抗干扰性均有数量级提高,并在国际公开源代码3年以上,应用良好;在航空摄影测量及绝对网平差模型试验中进行了有效性验证,初步证明性能优于直角坐标处理方法;最后,给出多种应用、航天平台动姿态高阶解算特征,可望为航空航天多尺度全姿态空间信息(获取-组织-管理-存储-处理-应用)极坐标新体系构建奠定基础。

The diversity of means of obtaining space information and the tight constraints of the strict mathematical rules of data processing are the new contradictions associated with the development of the new aeronautics and astronautics technology.For example,push broom,variable angle swing staring,zoom imaging,aerial platform attitude,large angle flight,high overlap and short baseline effect,which bring severe challenges to convergence,efficiency,accuracy and anti-interference.Based on the principle of the bionic machine parallax angle and the essence of pyramidal projection of the aerial space platform to the surface,the mathematical expression of polar coordinates is introduced.This paper has explored the solution to the causes of the high resolution image sparsity ill conditioned singularity and nonconvergence,built a set of mathematical models for the polar coordinates processing of the parallax angular vector,and formed the polar information theory of spatial information initially.This method has been improved in the range of accuracy,efficiency and anti-interference order of magnitude in close-range photogrammetry and the free net bundle adjustment model,and publish open source code in the world more than three years,which has a good reaction.The effectiveness is verified in the aero photogrammetry and absolute network adjustment model experiment,and the performance is better than the Descartes coordinate processing method.Finally,the high-order solution characteristics of various applications and spaceflight platforms are given,which is expected to lay the foundation for the construction of the new polar coordinates system for aerospace multi-scale all attitude spatial information（acquisition organization management storage processing application）.