失序与再造:咸同兵燹与清水江流域地方社会秩序的重建

Disorder and Reconstruction: Wars during Emperor Xianfeng and Tongzhi Period and the Reconstruction of Local Order in Qingshuijiang Area

在清代"咸同兵燹"这样社会大动荡的背景下,乡村社会如何自救、如何维护地方社会的稳定成为有识之士思考的问题。文章以清水江文书为中心,结合其他民间文献,以流域"三营"为具体对象,分析在"咸同兵燹"期间清水江流域的乡村社会组织从款组织而演变为团练,团练在组建及其经费筹措、所产生的作用及其影响,进而探讨清水江流域乡村社会在社会动乱中的自我治理,并从中发现了一些对当今社会仍有一定借鉴价值的治理举措。

against the background of turbulent war period from Emperor Xianfeng to Emperor Tongzhi, learned people considered how to realize self-savings of country society, how to maintain local social stability. To analyse the influence and function of regional country organization which developed from Kuan organization to Tuan organization, and the development of Tuan organization, its raising finance during wars, the article concentrates on Qingshuijiang documents, together with other local documents, through specific study on “three battalions”. Thus, to further discuss self governance by country society in social turbulence, and figure out some useful governance measures for modern society.