论句尾动词“为”的疑问语气词化

On the Interrogative Mood Grammaticalization of Verb “为” at the End of Sentence

"何(以)X为"中"为"起初是个动词,这种句式的最初形成是语用机制驱动的结果。在此基础上,以下几个相互关联的因素进一步促使句尾动词"为"语法化为疑问语气词:首先,"何(以)X为"中动词"为"的地位降低,而"X"的核心地位及动作性凸显和提升;其次,语言单位"何"包含若干言语单位,通过联想机制,其中作宾语的"何1"逐渐被作状语的"何2"代替;最后,在句意自足的条件下,句尾"为"成为羡余成分并被赋予表疑问语气的特定价值,"何1"虽已被"何2"代替,但"何1"的疑问特征会传染给"为",使句尾"为"也带上疑问特征,最终使"为"进一步语法化为疑问语气词。

At first “为” is a verb in the “何（以）X为” that is driven by pragmatic mechanism. On this basis, there are several interrelated factors that further promote the verb “为” at the end of sentence into a interrogative mood word： firstly, the status of “为” in the “何（以）X为” is reduced, but the core status and action of “X” are highlighted and promoted; secondly, the language unit “何” contains a number of parole units, and by the association mechanism, the “何1”as the object is replaced by “何2”as the adverbial; finally, under the condition of the sufficiency of the sentence meaning,“为” at the end of sentence becomes a superfluous component and is endowed with the specific value to express interrogative mood. Though “何1”is replaced by“何2”, the interrogative feature of“何1”will infect “为” and make “为” a interrogative mood word.