儿童脱髓鞘型和轴突型吉兰-巴雷综合征临床、神经电生理特征和预后

The clinical menifestation, electrophysiological characteristics, and prognosis of demyelinating and axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome in children

目的探讨儿童脱髓鞘型和轴突型吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床、神经电生理特征和预后。方法 81例GBS患儿根据2次神经电生理检查结果分为脱髓鞘型和轴突型,分析两组患儿的临床、神经电生理特征和预后。结果脱髓鞘型GBS 60例、轴突型21例,在轴突型GBS患儿中,具有可逆性传导阻滞者5例。轴突性GBS患儿起病到病程高峰期的时间短于脱髓鞘型,血液抗神经节苷酯抗体更多见,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);两组间起病年龄、前驱感染病史、感觉症状、颅神经受累、自主神经功能受损、脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离、入院时和高峰HG评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在轴突型GBS中具有可逆传导阻滞患儿较不具有可逆传导阻滞患儿恢复快,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。轴突型和脱髓鞘型GBS患儿之间的短期预后(出院后2个月)和长期预后(出院后1年)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论轴突型GBS较脱髓鞘型临床进展更迅速,但两者的预后无明显区别;具有可逆传导阻滞的轴突型GBS恢复更快。

Objective To explore the clinical menifestation, electrophysiological characteristics and prognosis of demyelinating and axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome（GBS） in children. Method A total of 81 children with GBS were divided into demyelinating and axonal subtypes according to the results of two electrophysiological examinations. And the clinical, neuro electrophysiological characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed. Results There were 60 cases of demyelinating GBS and 21 cases of axonal GBS. In children with axonal GBS, there were 5 cases of reversible conduction block. The interval of onset to fastigium in axonal GBS was shorter than that of demyelinating subtype, and blood antiganglioside antibody was more common, and there were statistically differences（P all〈0.05）. The age at onset, the history of the prodromal infection, the sensory symptoms, the cranial nerve involvement, the impairment of the autonomic nervous function, the cerebrospinal fluid protein-cell separation, and the HG scores at the time of admission and during fastigium were similar between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Children with reversible conduction block had faster recovery than those without reversible conduction block in axonal GBS, and there was statistical differences（P〈0.01）. There was no difference in short-term prognosis（2 months after discharge） and long-term prognosis（1 years after discharge） between the axonal GBS and demyelinating GBS children（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Axonal GBS clinically progressed more rapidly than demyelinating subtype, but there was no difference in prognosis between them. Also, axonal GBS with a reversible conduction block recovered faster.