海外水电环境社会管理的实践困境及应对策略

The Practical Predicament and Path Selection of Environmental and Social Management in the Overseas Hydropower Investment

随着"一带一路"倡议的深入推进,我国海外水电事业迎来新的发展契机。对比国际水电开发的良好实践,可持续水电开发更为重视环境和社会问题,其中生态累积影响、移民恢复发展、社会效益共享等关键事项直接关乎水电项目的开发进程。但东道国政策要求差异显著、环境社会管理内容难以逐一落实、环境社会风险应对手段不足是国内企业在"走出去"过程中普遍面临的实践困境。为此,应理性布局投资建设方向,加快推动行业标准共通共融,借鉴国际环境社会管理良好经验,加强企业环境社会管理能力建设,以不断完善海外水电开发模式,有效降低水电企业海外业务外部风险,与东道国家及地区共建、共享绿色水电,进而实现共赢目标。

With the continuous advancing of the Belt and Road Initiative,China＇s investment in overseas hydropower is going into a new seedtime. The successful experience of international hydropower development indicates that sustainable hydropower pays more attention to the environmental and social risks,such as ecological cumulative effects,restoring livelihood of resettlement,and multilateral benefitsharing,all of which would directly affect the progress of hydropower project. Domestic enterprises face some common difficulties in practice,e. g. differentiated policies of host country,complicated requirements of environmental and social management,and insufficient measures to deal with environmental and social risks. In order to achieve a win-win goal of co-construction and sharing green hydropower with host countries and regions,we should persistently improve the model of overseas hydropower development and effectively reduce external risks by properly choosing the host countries,accelerating the co-fusion of industry standards,and strengthening enterprise capability building on environmental and social management by drawing lessons from international experience.