社区环境和通勤方式对居民心理健康的影响——基于北京16个社区的问卷调研

The Influence of Neighborhood Environment and Transportation on Residents' Mental Wellbeing:Based on Questionnaire of 16 Communities in Beijing

现有文献大多聚焦于土地利用和交通规划对生理健康的影响,关于社区环境和交通对人们心理健康的影响则关注较少。本研究选取北京16个典型社区,对694位居民进行了问卷调研,通过控制个人特征和健康状况,利用结构方程模型(SEM)分析居住环境、通勤方式、环境满意度以及社区凝聚力对居民心理健康的影响。在模型中将通勤者与非通勤者区分开来,并将通勤方式、环境满意度和社区凝聚力作为内生变量。研究发现:在控制其他变量的情况下,通勤者的心理健康与其所在环境的满意度呈显著正相关,而通勤方式和社区凝聚力对通勤者的心理健康影响不显著;相比之下,对于非通勤者(主要为退休居民)而言,社区凝聚力比环境满意度对心理健康的影响更大。这种差异很可能源于近年来北京巨大的社会经济发展导致年轻和年长一代的社区生活方式不同。

Existing studies have focused overwhelmingly on the impact of land use and transportation planning on physical health.The potential role of neighborhood environment and transportation in promoting people’s positive mental wellbeing remains unstudied.The purpose of this study is to partially fill this gap.This paper developed structural equation models（SEMs）to analyze the effects of the residential environment,active commute,neighborhood satisfaction,and community efficacy on residents’positive mental wellbeing based on a survey of 694 residents in 16 typical neighborhoods in Beijing（China）,with control on their personal characteristics and health status.It further differentiated commuters from non-commuters in our model and regarded active commute,neighborhood satisfaction,and community efficacy as endogenous variables.Then it is found that the commuters’mental wellbeing was positively associated with their neighborhood satisfaction.Active commute travel and community efficacy,however,did not show significant effects on the commuters’mental wellbeing.In contrast,for the non-commuters（mainly retired and senior citizens）,their mental wellbeing was more influenced by community efficacy.This paper attributes such a contrast between the commuters and noncommuters to the different ways of younger generations using their neighborhoods from their parent generations in Beijing.Therefore,this paper indicates that the contrast is also likely to be a result of the tremendous economic development and cultural shift that Beijing has experienced in the past few decades,which have led to different views of the physical and social environments between the older and younger generations.