天津市乳母及其子代碘营养状况的调查分析

The iodine status of lactating women and the influence on infants in Tianjin City

目的调查天津乳母在产后24周内碘营养状况及其对子代碘营养状况的影响。方法测定纯母乳喂养的438名乳母在产后1周内、4周、12周和24周的母乳碘含量(BMIC)、随机尿碘浓度(UIC)和婴儿随机尿碘浓度(UIC)。结果在不同采样时间下,BMIC的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其水平在产后24周较低,中位数M(P25~P75)为123.5μg/L(83.1~177.6μg/L)。乳母UIC在产后4周水平较低,为87μg/L(52~159μg/L)。婴儿UIC在产后12周水平较低,为191μg/L(130~302μg/L)。此外,BMIC与乳母UIC(r=0.238,P<0.001),BMIC与婴儿UIC(r=0.257,P<0.001),乳母UIC与婴儿UIC(r=0.148,P<0.001)之间为正相关。产后4、12和24周,婴儿尿碘水平在BMIC分组下差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在本调查中乳母BMIC水平在产后24周内逐渐降低,但仍处于乳碘充足状态;乳母BMIC水平可影响纯母乳喂养的子代的碘营养状况。

Objective To investigate the iodine status of lactating women and the influence on infants during the first 24 weeks postpartum in Tianjin City.Methods The iodine concentration of human milk and urine were measured from 438 lactating women and their exclusive breastfeeding infants.Results Significant difference was found between the levels of BMIC according to the time of collecting samples（ P 〈 0.001）.The BMIC was lower at the 24th week postpartum with a M（ P25-P75） of 123.5 μg/L（ 83.1-177.6 μg/L） and the level of lactating women’s UIC was lower at the 4th week postpartum with the M（ P25-P75） of 87 μg/L（ 52-159 μg/L）.Besides that,the level of infants ’ UIC was lower at the 12th week postpartum with the M（ P25-P75） of 191 μg/L（ 130-302 μg/L）.Lactating women’s BMIC and UIC（ r = 0.238,P 〈0.001）,lactating women’s BMIC and infants’ UIC（ r = 0.257,P 〈 0.001）,lactating women’s UIC and infants’ UIC（ r = 0.148,P 〈 0.001） were significantly positive correlated.According to different time of collecting samples,the levels of infants’ UIC were significant different categorized by BMIC at 4th,12th,24th week postpartum（ P 〈0.05）.Conclusion The BMIC gradually decreased during the first 24 weeks postpartum in Tianjin,but still been in the sufficient iodine status.The iodine status of lactating women can affect their infants’ iodine status.