用膳食平衡指数法评价新疆喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民膳食营养状况

Assessing the dietary nutritional status of Uygur adult residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang using diet balance index

目的应用修订的膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)综合评价新疆喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民的膳食质量。方法于2013年5—6月,采用多阶段分层整群随机的概率比例规模抽样方法,选取喀什地区1604名维吾尔族居民,膳食调查采用连续3天24小时回顾法。采用DBI-07评价新疆喀什地区维吾尔族居民的膳食质量和膳食模式。结果新疆喀什地区75.0%的维吾尔族居民膳食质量处于中度失衡状态(DQD=33.77),同时存在74.4%的中度的摄入不足(LBS=26.43)和48.2%的低度的摄入过量(HBS=7.34),农村膳食失衡、摄入不足、摄入过量的程度均高于城市;无论是在城市还是农村,男性的膳食失衡与膳食摄入过量的程度均高于女性(P<0.05);城市各年龄段比较差异无统计学意义,但是在农村差异明显(P<0.05),18~44岁年龄组的人群膳食摄入过量的程度最高,膳食摄入不足的程度最低。城市的文化程度越高者,其膳食摄入过量的程度越高,膳食摄入不足的程度最低。喀什地区维吾尔族居民膳食主要有A、B、D和E模式,其中B模式为主要模式,占77.0%。居民蔬菜水果、奶豆类食物及蛋类摄入不足,其中以奶类及豆类食物最严重,谷类、盐和食用油摄入过量。结论 DBI-07方法较好地评价了喀什地区维吾尔族居民膳食状况及存在的问题,今后需要针对不同人群采取有效的干预措施,以提高居民"平衡膳食"的意识。

Objective To evaluate the overall diet quality and diet structure condition of Uygur adult residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang using diet balance index（ DBI-07）.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method,choose 1604 Uygur residents with a dietary survey of the 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days and analyzed by the method of diet balance index.Results 75.0% of Uygur residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang had moderate degree of unbalanced dietary quality（ DQD = 33.77）,74.4% of them had a moderate deficiencies of intake（ LBS = 26.43） and 48.2% of them had a low intake of excessive（ HBS = 7.34）.The degree of unbalanced dietary quality and deficiencies of intake and diet excessive in the countryside were higher than in the city.Whether in the cities or the countryside,male had a higher level of dietary excessive and imbalance than female（ P 〈 0.05）,there was no statistical significance in different ages in the city,but there was a statistically significant difference in the countryside（ P 〈 0.05）.The degree of diet excessive in 18-44 age groups was higher than other age groups,the degree of diet deficiencies in 18-44 age groups was lower than other age groups.The higher the degree of education was in the cities,the higher the degree of diet excessive was,and the lower the degree of diet deficiencies was.Dietary pattern of Uygur residents of Kashi region in Xinjiang were the Pattern A,B,D and E,the major dietary pattern was the pattern B,which occupied 77.0% of the total population.The intakes of vegetables and fruits,milk,beans and eggs were insufficient,especially milk and beans,and intakes of cereal,edible oil and salt were excessive.Conclusion The DBI-07 method is well evaluated the dietary condition and existing problems of Uygur residents.So it is essential to improve the consciousness of Uygur residents about balanced diet with effective interventions for different populations.