新型基因编辑技术发展及在植物育种中的应用

Development of Novel Gene Editing Technologies and Its Applications in Plant Breeding

近年来出现了几种新型基因编辑技术,包括锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、转录激活子样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)、规律性重复短回文序列簇与Cas9(CRISPR/Cas9)系统。这些基因编辑技术是通过特异性结构识别靶位点,核酸酶发挥切割作用,对靶位点进行定点编辑,由于此类基因编辑技术具有高效准确、制作简单的特点,已被广泛应用到植物基因功能研究和定向改良植物性状方面。在此综述上述3种新型基因编辑技术的原理,比较不同编辑技术的差异,总结在拟南芥、烟草、水稻、玉米等作物育种中的应用,指出基因编辑存在的问题,对这些技术在基础研究及育种实践中的应用进行展望。

Several novel gene editing techniques have been developed in recent years,it involves in zinc finger nucleases（ZFNs）,transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases（TALEN）,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system（CRISPR/Cas9）.These techniques can site-directly edit genomes by recognizing the target sites according to the specific structure followed by endonuclease dissection.Novel genome editing techniques have been applied widely in studies on the gene functions of plants and improved the agronomic traits directionally in plants breeding because of its advantages of higher efficiency and easy-making.In this article,the characteristics,principles of three novel gene editing technologies and its applications in breeding of arabidopsis,tobacco,rice and maize were reviewed,and its differences were compared.The problems of gene editing are pointed out and the application of these techniques in basic research and breeding practice is prospected.