不同生育期水分亏缺对‘赤霞珠’耗水及果实品质的影响

Effect of Water Deficit at Different Growth Stage on Water Consumption and Fruit Quality of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’

以设施栽培条件下2008年定植的酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,设置5个处理,分别为充分灌溉和新梢生长期、花期、浆果生长期、果实成熟期亏缺灌溉。通过分析不同处理对新梢生长量、产量和果实品质指标的影响,综合评定获得最优灌溉方案。结果表明,灌溉对土壤含水量的影响程度随着土层深度增加而降低,0~40cm土层深度含水量波动幅度大。各个处理的耗水规律一致,浆果生长期耗水强度大,新梢生长期和花期小。浆果生长期亏水造成穗质量减少27.0%,产量减少29.6%,还原糖和可溶性固形物分别降低5.1%和2.4%;新梢生长期、花期和转色成熟期水分亏缺对产量影响不显著,果实成熟期亏水可以显著提高还原糖(7.8%)和可溶性固形物(6.4%)的质量分数,可滴定酸降低4.0%,提高水分利用效率(18.57kg·m^(-3))。综合分析认为,浆果膨大期亏水会造成不良影响,果实成熟期亏水可提升葡萄品质。

With 9 years Cabernet Sauvignon as material,we studied the drought stress under facility cultivation.The treatments were as follows：full irrigation and water deficit at shooting stage,flowering period,growth period of berry,ripening growth stage of fruit,respectively.By analyzing the effect of different treatments on shoot growth,yield and fruit quality index,the optimal irrigation scheme was obtained through comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the trend in soil water content within 0-80 cm soil layers were similar under different treatments,the influence of drought controlled by deficit irrigation was weakened with increase of soil depth.0-40 cm depth of soil moisture content changed greatly.The maximum daily water consumption intensity of wine grape took place during berry enlargement period while the minimum happened at flowering and shooting stages.Berry mass was reduced by 27% and yield was decreased by 29.6%,the titratable acid content raised while sugar and soluble solids contend decreased under deficit irrigation at berry enlargement period;regulated deficit irrigation at vine shoot,florescence and berry maturity periods did not significantly decrease in yield.Control irrigation research for the effect of the reducing titratable acid（4.0%）as well as increase of sugar（7.8%）and soluble solids content（6.4%）at maturity,which enhanced water use efficiency by 18.57 kg·m^-3.Through the comprehensive analysis,deficit irrigation at grape enlargement had harmful effects,but it could increase grape quality at maturity stage.