人工智能全球治理:基于治理主体、结构和机制的分析

Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Drivers, Subjects, Structures and Mechanisms

人工智能颠覆性战略技术的发展会给社会带来复杂的伦理、法律和安全问题。由于人工智能引发风险的世界波及性、影响的地区不均衡性、伦理标准的区域差异性和危害预测的知识不充分性，世界各国有必要共同构建多边、民主、透明的人工智能全球治理体系。本文分析了目前人工智能治理的多层次主体及主体间形成的治理结构，提出建立规则体系为基础的人工智能全球治理机制的重要性。中国作为走在人工智能技术发展前沿的国家，应充分把握在人工智能全球治理中的制度性话语权，积极参与人工智能全球治理平台构建和维护国家主权在治理中的地位，为人工智能全球治理贡献中国智慧。

Artificial Intelligence （AI）, which represents the frontier of global technology development, will cause complicated social problems with ethics, laws, and safety. Given that AI development will result in world-wide risk, regional impact disequilibrium, ethics difference, and forecasting knowledge insufficiency, countries around the world need to jointly construct a multi-lateral, democratic and apparent global AI governance system. This paper analyzes the multi-level subjects and the potential global governance forms in AI domain and proposes the implication of considering rules and relations as global AI governance modes. Being the country at the leading edge in AI technology development, China is capable of applying the institutional discourse power in global AI governance. Contributing Chinese wisdom to global AI governance is considered as an important strategy in China AI industrial development. We finally suggest the need for taking part in governance platform construction, and defending national sovereignty in global AI governance.