雨水生物滞留系统氮素过程研究现状与展望

RESEARCH AND PROSPECT ON PROCESSES OF NITROGEN REMOVAL IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS

雨水生物滞留技术已成为海绵城市建设的优选技术,但其除氮性能在适应环境变化和应对自然灾害等方面缺乏良好的弹性,特别是干湿交替过程中的氮素淋失,为急需解决的问题。以氮素多介质(植物-土壤-微生物)过程为主线,总结了雨水生物滞留系统氮素控制面临的新问题,从多重干湿交替对氮素过程的影响、不同时空尺度氮素过程的表征及多介质对氮素过程的贡献3个方面阐述了生物滞留系统氮素过程研究的局限性。提出从多重干湿交替下多介质对氮素转化与归趋的贡献定量、功能微生物群落结构及其氮素代谢特征等角度阐释氮素淋失机理,并掌握氮素过程与环境因素的耦合响应关系是雨水生物滞留技术未来重点的研究方向。

Bioretention technology has become an optimal technology in sponge city construction,but its performance of nitrogen removal lacks good elasticity in adapting to environment changes and responding to natural disasters. Especially,nitrogen leaching is an urgent problem under multiple drying-rewetting alternation. Focusing on processes of nitrogen removal in multi-medium（ plants,soil and microorganism）,some new problems of bioretention system controlling nitrogen were summarized,and limitations of study on processes of nitrogen removal were elucidated from three aspects including influence of multiple drying-rewetting alternation,characterization of nitrogen process in different spatial-temporal scale and contribution of multi-medium. It was suggested that future researches on bioretention technology should focus on explanation of nitrogen leaching mechanism and understanding coupling response relationship between processes of nitrogen removal and environmental factors from the perspectives of quantitative contribution of multi-medium to fate and transport of nitrogen under multiple drying-rewetting alternation,community structure of function microbial and its metabolic characteristics to nitrogen.