从“冲击—回应”到“中国中心”——美国近现代陶行知研究

From "Impact-response" Model to "China-Centered" Paradigm——A Study of Tao Xingzhi in the U.S. Modern and Contemporary Times

美国近现代陶行知研究经历了以费正清为代表的"西方冲击—中国回应"的范式到孔飞力的"中国中心"说萌芽,再到以巴雷·基南和布朗为代表的"中国中心"研究趋向。其中,费正清强调杜威教育思想对陶行知的单向影响;孔飞力冲破"冲击—回应"研究框架,开始从中国内部因素研究陶行知的教育思想;巴雷·基南认为陶行知思想的形成受到多重因素的影响;布朗的研究强调影响陶行知思想的内部因素,即中国传统文化。分析美国近现代陶行知研究取向,有助于我国的中国学研究回归自我指涉的观察意识,从本质主义向现实关系的思维转向。

The mainstream paradigm ofU.S. Tao Xingzhi＇s research in modem and contemporary times has gone through the paradigms of＂Westem Impact-China Response＂ represented by John King Fairbank and the beginning of the ＂China Center＂ mode represented by Philip A. Kuhn, and then ＂China Center＂ mode represented by Barry Keenan and Hubert O. Brown. Among them, John King Fairbank emphasized that Dewey＇s educational thought on Tao Xingzhi; Philip A. Kuhn broke through the ＂impact-response＂ research framework and began to study Tao Xingzhi＇ s educational thoughts from internal factors in China; Barry Keenan thought Tao Xingzhi＇ s thought was influenced by multiple factors such as Dewey and more People＇s Principles; Brown focused on Chinese traditional culture. Analyzing the research orientation of U.S. Tao Xingzhi＇s research in modem and contemporary times will help China＇s Chinese studies return to the self-referential consciousness of observation, and changes from the essentialism to the reality.