试论俄国象征派对瓦格纳“综合艺术”思想的接受

The Acceptance of Wagner's “Das Gesamtkunstwerk” by Russian Symbolists

综合艺术"思想是德国作曲家、音乐家理查德·瓦格纳艺术理论的精髓。19世纪末20世纪初,瓦格纳的艺术理论在俄国文艺界广泛传播并掀起接受高潮,其"综合艺术"思想对俄国象征派,尤其是对年轻一代象征派的主要代表人物维·伊万诺夫、安德烈·别雷和亚·勃洛克的影响巨大:伊万诺夫建立"聚合性"戏剧和对"创造神话"的尝试、别雷对"艺术分类"的探讨和进行"文学交响曲"的创新、勃洛克对"艺术与革命"的思考以及对"音乐精神"的延续,都是将瓦格纳"综合艺术"思想内化的结果。对瓦格纳"综合艺术"思想的接受,不仅成为俄国年轻一代象征派理论架构的关键,也极大地丰富了象征派的文学创作。

The idea ＂Gesamtkunstwerk＂ is the essence of the art theory of well-known German Composer and dramatist Richard Wagner. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Wagner＇s art theory was widely spread in Russian literary- art circle and reached a climax. Wagner＇s ＂G-esamtkunstwerk＂ had a great influence on Russian symbolists, especially on main representatives of the younger generation of Russian symbolists, including Vyacheslav Ivanov, Andrew White and Alexander Blok. Ivanov＇s establishment of ＂collective action＂ and trial of ＂myth-creating＂, White＇s explo- ration on ＂forms of art＂ and his creation of ＂literary symphony＂, as well as the study of Alexander Blok on ＂art and revolution＂ and his development of ＂music spirit＂ are all the result of internalizing Wagner＇s ＂Gesamtknnstwerk＂. The acceptance of the thought of ＂Gesamtkunstwerk＂ not only became the key to the theory framework of the younger gen- eration of Russian symbolists, but also greatly enriched the literary creation of Russian symbolists.