“博科圣地”的演变与尼日利亚反恐政策评析

The Evolution of Boko Haram and Nigeria's Counter Terrorism Policies

近年来,宗教极端主义和恐怖主义在世界多地呈现蔓延态势,对包括非洲国家在内的各国安全构成威胁。在西非地区,集宗教极端主义与恐怖主义于一身的"博科圣地",对尼日利亚及其邻国的安全构成严峻挑战。"博科圣地"在尼日利亚北部的兴起和蔓延与伊斯兰主义在西非地区的历史积淀和现代勃兴密切相关。尼日利亚民生问题积重难返、国家治理薄弱和国际伊斯兰极端势力渗透等因素,催化了"博科圣地"的异变。布哈里总统上任以来,尼日利亚应对"博科圣地"问题的举措取得了一些成效,但在改善北部落后与贫困、降低青年失业率、加强地区和国际反恐合作等方面仍任重道远。

In recent years,the rise of religious extremism and terrorism around the world has triggered deep concerns of the international community. A case in point is the Islamic insurgent group Boko Haram in Nigeria. Combining religious extremism and terrorism together,Boko Haram has posed tremendous threats to Nigeria,the most populous country and the largest economy in Africa,and to her neighbors as well. The rise and spread of Boko Haram in northern Nigeria has much to do with the deep historical accumulation of Islamism and modern prosperity in the region. The lack of effective governance and the long-term accumulation of livelihood problems in Nigeria,as well as the infiltration of international extremist forces,have inspired the evolution of Boko Haram. Since Muhammadu Buhar's inauguration, Nigeria's countermeasures against Boko Haram acquired some successes.However,to a large extent,the final settlement of the Boko Haram issue depends on whether the social and economic development in the Northern Nigeria may improve and whether more jobs for the youth could be created. Meanwhile,regional and international anti-terror cooperation is also earnestly needed.